● Back Numbers 073〜076
句動詞から派生した名詞についての第三回目です。さらに、句動詞とその派生名詞が用いられた例文を対照させながらあげています。これらは単なる言い換えではなく、このような語彙と文法の仕組みを知ることにより。みなさんの英語表現力は広がりを見せることになります。ぜひ、自分でも他の例でチャレンジしてみてください。 |
No. 073 Nouns formed from phrasal verbs --- 句動詞から派生した名詞 |
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In Columns 071 and 072, I discussed, and gave examples of nouns formed from phrasal verbs (Type 1 and Type 2). In this Column, I want to give some more examples. ◎Type 1 1) The representatives of the United States angrily walked out of the conference. ◎Type 2 1) The air suddenly rushed in to the room. In studying this area of English grammar and vocabulary, very many examples have been given of "saying the same thing in two different ways". As a way of expanding English grammar, vocabulary, and usage, I recommend that you learn these different ways of saying the same thing. This will make your English richer and more interesting. |
● Words & Phrases ●
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(帝京大学教授 Christopher Barnard) |
次回掲載予定7月24日 |
今回から二回にわたり、前置詞のちょっと気づかない便利な使い方について扱います。私たちは、「〜する...(人・もの)」といった場合、関係代名詞を用いて表してしまうことが多いですが、withのこんな使い方をマスターすることにより、もっとスマートで簡単に表すことができるのです。 |
No. 074 The useful word "with" --- 便利な単語"wtih" |
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A lot of time is spent learning sentences like this: 1) I saw a man who was carrying a heavy bag. Of course it is necessary to learn such grammar patterns. However, what is often overlooked is that we can very often express the same idea or situation by using the useful word "with": 6) I saw a man with a heavy bag. I am not saying that these two sets of sentences mean exactly the same thing. It is possible that in sentence (6) the man was not carrying the bag, but perhaps standing next to it. We could make this clearer by saying: 11) I saw a man with a heavy bag in his hand. Sentence (7) does not actually tell us if the woman was wearing the hat. Sentence (9) seems to be missing some of the feeling of being "covered in flowers". However, sentence (8) seems to be very similar to sentence (3), and sentence (10) seems to be very similar to sentence (5). In the next Column, I will discuss the useful word "in". |
● Words & Phrases ●
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(帝京大学教授 Christopher Barnard) |
次回掲載予定8月1日 |
基本前置詞のちょっと気がつかない便利な使い方のその2、今回はinを取り上げます。前回のwithとの比較も興味深いところでしょう。 |
No. 075 The useful word "in" --- 便利な単語"in" |
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In the last Column, I discussed the useful word "with". In this Column, I will discuss "in". We can say: 1) I saw a man who was wearing jeans. Using "in", we can say, with very similar meaning: 2) I saw a man in jeans. Other examples of this use of "in" are: 3) I saw a woman in black shoes. If the person is actually wearing the item, we use "in". If the person is carrying or standing next to the item, we use "with". Therefore these two sentences have different meanings: 5) I saw a man with a blue shirt. (= carrying/holding, etc. a blue shirt) This general rule means that certain items such as ties, scarfs, mufflers, gloves, mittens, hats, caps, wigs, glasses, sunglasses, goggles, etc. are in a grey zone -- with different native speakers of English giving different answers. When a person actually has one of these items on their body, we cannot say that the person carries or holds such items. Neither can we really say that the person is wearing the item. In such cases, I think that we most often say: 7) He has on a tie/scarf/muffler/a pair of mittens, etc. Naturally, the near the item is to "clothes", the easier it is to use the word "wear": 8) He is wearing a tie/hat/wig. |
● Words & Phrases ●
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(帝京大学教授 Christopher Barnard) |
次回掲載予定8月7日 |
今回は、入れ物、形状、重量、容量に関わる語彙の話です。もちろん、それらの単なる紹介ではなく、みなさんが英語の語彙力を伸ばしていく上で非常に有用な方法論が展開されます。 |
No. 076 Containers, shapes, weights, and volumes (Part 1) --- 入れ物、形状、重量、容量のボキャブラリーを使いこなそう (その1) |
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Containers, shapes, weights, and volumes are an important part of English grammar and vocabulary. Examples are: Container: Containers, shapes, weights, and volumes can overlap in different ways. If we are cooking, "a cup of milk" is probably a volume of milk, but if we are interested in drinking milk, "a cup of milk" puts the emphasis on the container of milk. In some cases, this overlapping is very vague. So, "a handful of salt" or "a spoonful of sugar" seem to be containers, shapes, weights, and volumes -- all at the same time. The point that I want to make is that when you are developing your vocabulary, it is useful to classify this area of the vocabulary according to this system. Among containers, shapes, weights, and volumes, the vocabulary of containers is the most common and extensive, so I will give a list of these in the next Column. |
● Words & Phrases ●
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(帝京大学教授 Christopher Barnard) |
次回掲載予定8月17日 |